Bu çalışma çocukluk çağı istismar tecrübesi ile aleksitimi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Katılımcılara Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği’nin (ÇÖYÖ) Türkçe versiyonu ve Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği (TAÖ-20) uygulanmıştır. Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği (ÇÖYÖ) ve Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği’nin (TAÖ-20) toplam ve alt ölçek puanlarının erkek katılımcılarda kadın katılımcılara nazaran daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Pearson korelasyon analizi ÇÖYÖ ve TAÖ-20 arasında pozitif yönde bir korelasyon olduğunu göstermiştir. Aleksitimi özellikleri gösteren grubun ÇÖYÖ alt ölçek puanlarının aleksitimi özellikleri göstermeyen gruba göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, çocukluk dönemindeki travmatik olayların ileriki yaşlarda duygusal gelişimi ve duyguların ifadesini yaşam sürecinde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
The current study investigated the relationship between childhood abuse experience and alexithymia. The Turkish versions of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were applied to the participants. It was found that total and sub-scale scores of male students in both CTQ and TAS-20 were higher than female students. A Pearson Correlation analyses indicated a positive correlation between CTQ and TAS-20. The CTQ sub-scale scores were found to be higher in the group with alexithymia than the group without alexithymia. The findings suggested that traumatic events in childhood affect the emotional development and the expression of the emotions later in life.
@article{2018,title={RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS},abstractNode={Bu çalışma çocukluk çağı istismar tecrübesi ile aleksitimi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Katılımcılara Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği’nin (ÇÖYÖ) Türkçe versiyonu ve Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği (TAÖ-20) uygulanmıştır. Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği (ÇÖYÖ) ve Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği’nin (TAÖ-20) toplam ve alt ölçek puanlarının erkek katılımcılarda kadın katılımcılara nazaran daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Pearson korelasyon analizi ÇÖYÖ ve TAÖ-20 arasında pozitif yönde bir korelasyon olduğunu göstermiştir. Aleksitimi özellikleri gösteren grubun ÇÖYÖ alt ölçek puanlarının aleksitimi özellikleri göstermeyen gruba göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, çocukluk dönemindeki travmatik olayların ileriki yaşlarda duygusal gelişimi ve duyguların ifadesini yaşam sürecinde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır.},author={-Özge Erel, Zeynep Belma Gölge, Ece Arslanoğlu},year={2018},journal={Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi / Electronic Journal of Social Sciences}}
-Özge Erel, Zeynep Belma Gölge, Ece Arslanoğlu . 2018 . RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS . Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi / Electronic Journal of Social Sciences.DOI:null
-Özge Erel, Zeynep Belma Gölge, Ece Arslanoğlu.(2018).RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS.Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi / Electronic Journal of Social Sciences
-Özge Erel, Zeynep Belma Gölge, Ece Arslanoğlu,"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS" , Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi / Electronic Journal of Social Sciences (2018)
-Özge Erel, Zeynep Belma Gölge, Ece Arslanoğlu . 2018 . RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS . Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi / Electronic Journal of Social Sciences . 2018. DOI:null
-Özge Erel, Zeynep Belma Gölge, Ece Arslanoğlu .RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi / Electronic Journal of Social Sciences (2018)
-Özge Erel, Zeynep Belma Gölge, Ece Arslanoğlu .RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi / Electronic Journal of Social Sciences (2018)
Format:
-Özge Erel, Zeynep Belma Gölge, Ece Arslanoğlu. (2018) .RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi / Electronic Journal of Social Sciences
-Özge Erel, Zeynep Belma Gölge, Ece Arslanoğlu . RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS . Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi / Electronic Journal of Social Sciences . 2018 doi:null
-Özge Erel, Zeynep Belma Gölge, Ece Arslanoğlu."RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A SAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS",Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi / Electronic Journal of Social Sciences(2018)
Aslan, S.H., & Alparslan, N. (1999). The validity, reliability and factor structure of the childhood trauma questionnaire among a group of university students. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 10, 275-285.
Bagby, R.M., Parker, J.D.A., & Taylor, G.J. (1994). The twenty item Toronto Alexithymia Scale I-II. Item selection and cross validation of the factor structure and convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 33-40. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(94)90006-X
Bankier, B., Algner M., & Bach, M. (2001). Alexithymia in DSM IV disorders: comparative evaluation of somatoform disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive, and depression. Psychosomatics, 42, 235-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.42.3.235
Berenbaum, H. (1996). Childhood abuse, alexithymia, and personality disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 41, 585–595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S00223999(96)00225-5
Bermond, B., Moormann, P.P., Albach, F., & Van Dijke, A. (2008). Impact of severe childhood sexual abuse on the development of alexithymia in adulthood. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 77, 260–262. doi: 10.1159/000128167
Berthoz, S., Consoli, S., Perez-Diaz, F., & Jouvent, R. (1999). Alexithymia and Anxiety: compounded relationships? A psychometric study. European Psychiatry, 14, 372-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(99)00233-3
Besharat, M.A. (2010). Relationships of alexithymia with coping styles and interpersonal problems. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 614-618. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.152
Borens, R., Gross-Schulte, E., Jaensch, V., & Kortemme, K.H. (1977). Is “alexithymia” a social phenomenon? An empirical investigation in psychosomatic patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 28, 193–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000287063
Cloitre, M., Scarvalone, P., & Difede, J.A. (1997). Posttraumatic stres disorder, self- and interpersonal dysfunction among sexually retraumatized women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 437–452. doi: 10.1002/jts.2490100309
Dere, J., Tang, Q., Zhu, X., Cai, L., Yao, S., & Ryder, A.G. (2013). The cultural shaping of alexithymia: values and externally oriented thinking in a Chinese clinical sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54, 362-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych. 2012.10.013
Durak-Batıgün, A., & Büyükşahin, A. (2008). Aleksitimi: Psikolojik belirtiler ve bağlanma stilleri. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 11, 105-114.
Erden, D. (2005). Farklı yetişme koşullarının aleksitimi, depresyon ve psikiyatrik belirtilerle ilişkisi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 8, 60-66.
Evren, E.C., Can, S., Evren, B., & Çakmak, D. (2002). Yatarak tedavi gören erkek alkol bağımlılarında aleksitiminin depresyon, anksiyete ve erektil işlev bozukluğu ile ilişkisi. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 12(4), 165-173.
Evren, C., Evren, B., Dalbudak, E., Özçelik, B., & Öncu, F. (2009). Childhood abuse and neglect as a risk factor for alexithymia in adult male substance dependent inpatients. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 41(1), 85-92. doi:10.1080/02791072.2009.10400677
Freyberger, H. (1977). Supportive psychotherapeutic techniques in primary and secondary alexithymia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 28, 337–343. doi: 10.1159/000287080
Frewen, P.A., Dozois, D.J.A., Neufeld, R.W.J., & Lanius, R.A. (2012). Disturbances of emotional awareness & expression in PTSD: meta-mood, emotion regulation, mindfulness, and interference of emotional expressiveness. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 4, 152-161. doi: 10.1037/a0023114
Fukunishi, I., Kawamura, T., Ishikawa, T., Ago, Y., Sei, H., Morita, Y., & Rahe, R.H. (1997). Mothers’ low care in the development of alexithymia: a preliminary study in Japanese college students. Psychological Reports, 80, 143–146. http://dx.doi. org/10.2466/ PR0.80.1.143-146
Fukunishi, I., Sei, H., Morita, Y., & Rahe, R.H. (1999). Sympathetic activity in alexithymics with mother’s low care. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 46, 579–589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00083-X
Guttman, H., & Laporte, L. (2002). Alexithymia, empathy and psychological symptoms in a family context. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43 (6), 448-455. doi:10.1053/comp. 2002.35905
Güleç, H., Köse, S., Güleç, M.Y., Çitak, S., Evren, C., Borckardt, J., & Sayar, K. (2009). Reliability and factorial validity of the Turkish version of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 19, 213-9.
Güleç, H., & Yenel, A. (2010). 20 Maddelik Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği Türkçe uyarlamasının kesme noktalarına göre psikometrik özellikleri. Klinik Psikiyatri, 13, 108112.
Gürkan, S.B. (1996). Aleksitimi. [Alexithymia]. Çukurova Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi, 2 (14), 99-103.
Heiberg, A.N., & Heiberg, A. (1978). A possible genetic contribution to the alexithymia trait. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 30, 205–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/ 000287301
Hund, A. R., & Espelage, D. L. (2006). Childhood emotional abuse and disordered eating among undergraduate females: mediating influence of alexithymia and distress. Child Abuse and Neglect, 30, 393–407. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.11.003
Joukamaa, M., Luutonen, S., & Von Reventlow, H. 2009). Alexithymia and childhood abuse among patient sattending primary and psychiatric care: results of the RADEP study. Psychosomatics, 49 (4), 317-325. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.49.4.317
Kench, S., & Irwin, H.J. (2000). Alexithymia and childhood family environment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 737–745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)10974679(200006)56:6<737::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-U
Kokkonen, P., Karvonen, J.T., & Veijola, J. (2001). Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of alexithymia in population sample of young adults. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42, 471-476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/comp.2001.27892
Le, H., Berenbaum, H., & Raghavan, C. (2002). Culture and alexithymia: mean levels, correlates and the role of parental socialization of emotions. Emotion, 2(4), 341360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.2.4.341
Lesser, I.M. (1985). Current concepts in psychiatry. Aleximitymia. Journal of Medicine, 312(11), 690-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198503143121105
Levant, F.R., Hall, J.R., Williams, M.C., & Hasan, T.N. (2009). Gender differences in alexithymia. Psychology of Men and Masculunity, 10(3), 190-203. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/a0015652
Leweke, F., Leichsenring, F., Kruse, J., & Hermes, S. (2012). Is alexithymia associated with specific mental disorders? Psychopathology, 45 (1), 22-8. doi: 10.1159/000325170
Li, S., Zhang B., Guo Y., & Zhang J. (2015). The association between alexithymia as assessed by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and depression: a meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 227, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.02.006
Loas, G., Fremaux, D., Otmani, O., & Verrier, A. (1995). Prevalence of alexithymia in a general population. Annales Medico Psychologiques, 153 (5), 355-357.
Lumley, M.A., Mader, C., Gramzow, J., & Papineau, K. (1996). Family factors related to alexithymia characteristics. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58(3), 211–216. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199605000-00003
Mallinckrodt, B., King, J.L., & Coble, H.M. (1998). Family dysfunction, alexithymia, and client attachment to therapist. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.45.4.497
Mason, O., Tyson, M., Jones, C., & Potts, S. (2005). Alexithymia: its prevalence and correlates in a British undergraduate sample. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 78(1), 113-125. doi: 10.1348/147608304X21374
McDougall, J. (1982). Alexithymia: a psychoanalytic view point. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 38, 81–90. doi: 10.1159/000287617
Mitchell, K.S., & Mazzeo, S.E. (2005). Mediators of the association between abuse and disordered eating in undergraduate men. Eating Behavior, 6, 318–327. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.03.004
Montebarocci, O., Codispoti, M., Baldaro, B., & Rossi, N. (2004). Adult attachment style and alexithymia. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 499-507. http://dx.doi.org /10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00110-7
Motan, İ., & Gençöz, T. (2007). Aleksitimi boyutlarının depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileri ile ilişkileri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18(4), 333-343.
Ogrodnizcuk, J.S., Piper, W.E., & Joyce, A.S. (2011). Effect of alexithymia on the process and outcome of psychotherapy: a programmatic review. Psychiatry Research, 190(1), 43-48. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.026
Oskis, A., Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F., Bifolco, A., Jabobs, C., & Loveday, C. (2013). Understanding alexithymia in female adolescents: the role of attachment style. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 97-102. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.023
Paez, D., Basebe, N., & Voldoseda, M. (1997). Confrontation: inhibition alexithymia and health. J.W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Emotion, Disclosure and Health (pp. 337). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Panayiotou, G., Leonidou, C., Constantinou, E., Hart, J., Rinekart, K.L., Sy, J.T., & Björgvinsson, T. (2015). Do alexithymic individuals avoid their feelings? Experiential avoidance mediates the association between alexithymia, psychosomatic, and depressive symptoms in a community and a clinical sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 56, 206216. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.09.006
Porcelli, P., Guidi, J., & Sirri, L. (2013). Alexithymia in the medically ill: analysis of 1190 patients in gastroenterology, cardiology, oncology and dermatology. General Hospital Psychiatry, 35, 521-527. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.005
Salminen, J.K., Saarijarvi, S., Aarela, E., Toikkaa, T., & Kauhanen, J. (1999). Prevalence of alexithymia and its association with sociodemographic variables in general population of Finland. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 46(1), 75-82. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00053-1
Smith, A., & Flannery-Schroeder, E. (2013). Childhood emotional maltreatment and somatic complaints: the mediating role of alexithymia. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 6, 1-16. doi: 10.1080/19361521.2013.811456
Solmaz, M., Sayar, K., Özer, Ö.A., Öztürk, M., & Acar, B. (2000). Sosyal fobi hastalarında aleksitimi ve depresyon: kontrollü bir çalışma. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 3, 235-241.
Taylor, G. J., Ryan, D., Bagby, R. M. (1985). Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics; 44: 191-199.
Taylor, G.J., Bagby, R.M., & Parker, J.D.A. (1991). The alexithymia construct: a potential paradigm for psychosomatic medicine. Psychosomatics, 32, 153–164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(91)72086-0
Taylor, G.J. (2000). Recent developments in alexithymia theory and research. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 134–142.
Ten Houghten, W.D., Walter, D.O., Hoppe, K.D., & Bogen, J.E. (1987). Alexithymia and split brain, V: EEG alpha-band interhemispheric coherence analysis. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 47, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000287991
Yücel, B., Turgay, M., Gürel, Y., Demir, K., Yılmazer, N., & Özkan, S. (1998). İrritabl barsak sendromu ve diabetes mellitusta aleksitiminin değerlendirilmesi. Istanbul Tip Fakültesi Mecmuası, 61, 1.
Zackheim, L. (2007). Alexithymia: the expanding realm of research. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 63, 345-357. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.08.011
Zeitlin, S.B., & McNally, R.J. (1993). Alexithymia and anxiety sensitivity in panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 658660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.150.4.658
Zlotnick, C., Zakriski, A.L., Shea, M.T., Costello, E., Begin, A., Pearlstein, T., & Simpson, E. (1996). The long-term sequelae of sexual abuse: support for a complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 195-205. doi: 10.1002/jts.2490090204
Zlotnick, C., Mattia, J.I., & Zimmerman, M. (2001). The relationship between posttraumatic stres disorder, childhood trauma, and alexithymia in an out patient sample. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 177–188. doi: 10.1023/A:1007899918410 Table 1. Comparisons of Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and Childhood Trauma Questtionaire (CTQ) scores by gender.